Analysis of Psychodynamic and behavioral appoaches essays

Analysis of Psychodynamic and behavioral appoaches essays In the study of psychology there are two major approaches that are used to help interpret and understand human behavior. These approaches include the behavioral, and psychoanalytical. A better look at each of these approaches would allow you to view both the positive and negative elements of both as well as enabling you to see the differences and similarities among them. Originating from the work of John B. Watson the behavioral approach is based on the belief that behavior is learned, thus all behavior can be unlearned and new behaviors learned in its place.(funderstanding.com/behaviorism.cfm) Behaviorism is concerned primarily with the observable and measurable aspects of human behavior. Behaviorists believe only observable and verifiable events can be accurately researched with strict scientific rigor and dont explore an individuals thoughts, feelings, dreams, or past experiences. Focusing on behavior, enables researchers to learn that careful description of what constitutes desired behavior is necessary for reinforcing it. Its greatest strength is that it demands specific identification of action, rather than relying on concepts that are subject to extensive interpretation and impossible to verify scientifically. Like any psychological method, the behaviorist approach has its critics. Some argue that just studying human behavior isnt fully studying human psychology due to the fact that they have failed to study the complexity of the human mind and human nature. Others feel behaviorists also portray free will as a petty influence on humans compared to outside forces in the environment. Psychoanalysts argue that by failing to study the unconscious, a characteristic of the behavioral approach, they are leaving out what is most interesting and unique about human beings. Perhaps the greatest weakness of this approach is the ethical consequences of behaviorism. Man is stripped of his responsibility,...

5 Top part-time jobs for 2018

5 Top part-time jobs for 2018 We spend a lot of time thinking about our full-time careers, and what we want those to be, but sometimes what you need is a part-time job. Part-time jobs can be a way to manage an employment gap while you figure out your next career move, or it can be a way to test the waters in a particular field, or it might be a side hustle to make more money. The flexibility of a part-time job is usually the best part. So what are the top jobs for 2018 if you’re looking for a part-time gig? Let’s explore 5 that are worth exploring.1. Fitness InstructorWe live in a fitness-crazed world right now, with debates raging about CrossFit vs. SoulCycle or whether you really need to build an American Ninja Warrior gym in your backyard. But for most of us, fitness comes from our local gyms and community classes. That’s where fitness trainers and instructors enter the picture. These teachers lead classes in various types of fitness techniques (like yoga Zumba, or aerobics), or act as per sonal trainers on a more limited or one-to-one basis to help clients build fitness or lose weight. Fitness trainers can typically make their own schedules, scheduling classes or client appointments as they prefer, making it a solid part-time opportunity.What you’ll need: First and foremost, you should be pretty fit yourself, and also knowledgeable about anatomy, physiology, and safety. Trainers and instructors who specialize in a particular area (like yoga) often undergo advanced training, as well. There’s typically no minimum degree necessary to be a fitness instructor, but many employers are starting to prefer an associate’s degree in kinesiology (or a similar field), plus certification by an accredited training program.What it pays: According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), fitness trainers and instructors make a median annual salary of $38,160 (full-time), or $18.34 per hour. This can vary depending on your hours and your specialty.For more on how to snag fitness jobs:How to Become an Athletic Trainer2. Registered NurseIf you’re looking for a flexible job in the healthcare field, you might want to consider nursing. Registered nurses (RNs) coordinate and provide direct patient care, assess patient condition, record patients’ medical data, administer treatments and medication as prescribed by a physician, develop treatment plans, operate and monitor medical equipment, perform diagnostic tests, and educate patients and their families on follow-up care. Nurses can be found in any facility that offers healthcare, including hospitals, schools doctors’ offices, home services, nursing homes, clinics, or health-focused government agencies.But is nursing really a part-time field, you ask? The short answer: it can be. Once you’ve got your nursing degree and your certification, there are nursing jobs that let you set your own hours, or work on short-term assignments. One major example is travel nursing, wh ere you can accept temporary or part-time gigs away from home, setting your own work agenda.What you’ll need: RNs typically hold a bachelor’s degree in nursing (BSN), an associate’s degree in nursing (ADN), or a certificate from an accredited nursing program. Every state requires nurses to be licensed, so be sure to check your own state’s requirements for licensing (including any standardized tests like the NCLEX).What it pays: According to the BLS, registered nurses make a median annual salary of $68,450, or $32.91 per hour.For more on how to snag registered nurse jobs:Create A Winning Registered Nurse Resume!How Long Does it Take to Become a Nurse?3. Retail AssociateWhether you’re interested in building a longer career in retail or merely finding something in the meantime, working in retail can be the king of â€Å"right now† jobs. It’s a way to build experience, but if you’re not really interested in working in the industry for the rest of your working life, it’s a job that doesn’t require a ton of investment up front (education or certification). Retail is also one of the few industries that hires seasonal workers, which can be a great way to earn extra money over the holidays.Retail associates are the front-line workers in stores, working out on the floor to make sure that shelves are stocked, customers are being helped, sales are being made, and things are running smoothly. It’s typically an hourly job, worked in shifts set by the store’s management. Working nights, weekends, and holidays is pretty common in most retail stores, so it’s a job you can work around other jobs or obligations.What you’ll need: There’s no official education level needed to become a retail associate, but many companies prefer high school graduates (or equivalent). You should have great customer service skills and be punctual, patient, and great at organization. Strong math sk ills are often a bonus, for jobs that involve cashiering or inventory-taking. Most stores provide on-the-job training for new employees.What it pays: According to the BLS, sales associates make a median annual salary of $22,900 per year, or $11.01 per hour. This can vary depending on experience and seniority.For more on how to snag retail associate jobs:6 Job Skills You Need to Be a Sales AssociateHow to Write a Perfect Sales Associate Resume (Examples Included)4. Rideshare DriverIf you’ve got a great driving record, a car in good shape, and an independent streak, becoming a rideshare driver could be a great part-time option. Working for livery companies or app-driven companies like Uber or Lyft, you’re transporting people from point A to point B- but on your own schedule. Most rideshare companies allow you to decide when you work and when you’re off duty. And if you’re interested in night owl shifts, you can make good money (plus tips) getting people hom e safely from work, bars and clubs, or other nighttime activities.What you’ll need: A valid driver’s license and a clean driving record. Most companies require that potential drivers pass a background screening, as well as a vehicle inspection to make sure your car is clean and in good working order.What it pays: The median national hourly rate for rideshare drivers is $19.04, but drivers can make up to $30 an hour, plus tips, depending on how many fares they’re picking up. It can also vary according to where you live.For more on how to snag rideshare driver jobs:10 Jobs Where You Can Work OvernightTop 5 Jobs in the Midwest5. Warehouse WorkerAt this moment in time, the world belongs to e-tail companies like Amazon- we just happen to live in it. Companies that warehouse and ship mass quantities of products are busier than ever these days, with large shipping centers and new hubs popping up all over the country to cut shipping times and costs as much as humanly po ssible. These centers typically have a number of part-time openings for shipping and warehouse associates who receive freight, process it, inventory it, process and pack orders, and ship it all back out.This is a job that can be a good fit if you like to work with your hands or you have Tetris-like organizational skills. It’s very physical, though, so most of the opportunities in this field are open to people who can lift heavy weights, operate heavy equipment, and tolerate long shifts potentially on your feet. Because the work is typically shift-based, you will likely be able to find shifts that work well with other life or work obligations.What you’ll need: Most companies require a high school diploma (or equivalent) to work in a warehouse. You should also be in good physical shape, with the stamina to work on your feet and lift heavy objects for hours at a time.What it pays: According to PayScale.com, warehouse workers make a median hourly rate of $12.69.For more on how to snag warehouse worker jobs:How to Become a Forklift OperatorTop Opportunities in the Online Retail Revolution6 top retail jobs this holiday season and how to get themWhatever your needs, a part-time job can be exactly what you need to boost your income while also getting you necessary experience and giving you a more flexible schedule than the 9-to-5 grind.

Underground economic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Underground economic - Assignment Example For example, nobody will admit that they are in drug business or how much money they make in the illegal trade causing the method to be inaccurate due to the inaccurate information supplied by the respondents. b. Discrepancies in official statistics – estimate of underground economy can also be done by comparing the statistics in national accounting. Ideally, total income must be equal to total final expenditures. If there is an excess of expenditures over incomes, this indicates the size the underground economy. This is based on a common sense that one cannot spend more than one earns. So the extra money that was spent is assumed to have come in the underground economy in the discrepancies in official statistics approach. Another estimate that can be done using discrepancies in official statistics is to check labor statistics. A decline in formal employment or labor participation indicates that the number of people in underground economy is increasing as workers are migrating from formal to informal employment. c. Monetary approaches – the monetary approach recognizes that underground economy transacts only in cash to avoid paper trail that could detect and trace their illegal activities. The extent of the size of the underground economy can be estimated by analyzing the money supply (composed of cash and bank deposits) whether it has increased or decreased. An increase in money supply without the reported transactions or any visible economic activities indicate the existence of an underground economy. The value of the underground economy can then be extrapolated by comparing the value of money supply (cash on hand and bank deposits) to reported transactions in a given economy. The discrepancy between the value of money supply and reported transactions will give an estimate of the size of underground

West antarctic ice sheet Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

West antarctic ice sheet - Research Paper Example The irony is that the human species has only one earth to live on and in case the environment of earth degrades beyond a certain level, it could positively jeopardize the very survival of the human species. The thing that needs to be understood is that environment stands to be a closely interconnected and integrated system, and it relies for its well being on a range of biological, geological, geographical and physical systems and features like animal and plant species, weather systems, water currents, atmospheric phenomena, water bodies, mountain ranges, air currents, glaciers, ice sheets, etc (Johnson 167). In that context, the West Antarctic Ice Sheet stands to be an important constituent of and a major determinant of the environmental health in the current times. Varied experts and research groups are urgently pointing to the fact that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, which is one of the Earth’s salient ice sheets, could eventually collapse going by the augmenting pace of glo bal warming, thereby leading to drastic climatic and environmental changes (Plimer 9). Simply speaking, an ice sheet happens to be a large mass of glacial land ice with a span of more than fifty thousand square kilometers (Allaby 79). During the ice age, many important ice shields covered large expanses of land in North America, Europe and varied other parts of the world. However, in the current times there are only two surviving ice sheets that are the Greenland ice sheet and the Antarctic ice sheet (Allaby 79). Ice sheets are formed only in those areas where the snow accumulated during the winters does not totally melt during the summers (Allaby 79). Over a long period of time spanning across thousands of years, this snow gives way to large masses of ice which further get compressed and packed as the new snow presses the snow from previous years (Allaby 80). One important thing

An Ironic Editorial Cartoon Essay Example for Free

An Ironic Editorial Cartoon Essay â€Å"Let’s hope the asteroid’s impact is confined to the subprime mortgage area. † These are the words spoken among several dinosaurs as a large asteroid is headed towards earth. Or, more accurately, they are the words of the dinosaurs within the frame of Tim Toles’ biting editorial cartoon. Upon first viewing, the cartoon does provoke immediate laughter. Then, when you stop to let the themes of the cartoon sink in you realize that the humor is quite dark and ominous and, more importantly, it is quite accurate. For those not familiar with the symbolism, there is an unproven theory that asserts dinosaurs may have been rendered extinct due to an asteroid hitting the earth. The reason all dinosaurs were rendered extinct was due to the asteroid having a significant change on the earth’s climate and environment. That is, the asteroid possessed a ripple effect that went far beyond the exact area where the asteroid landed. The symbolism presented here ties in with the subprime mortgage crisis in a manner that is both obvious and outright chilling. The weight of the claims presented in the argument makes logical sense. It simply infers that economic problems will have a major ripple effect. That is, the economic woes of those affected by the subprime crisis will carry over into other aspects of the economy. As a result, even those who may previously have had nothing to do with the subprime crisis will be negatively impacted. (In essence, the intended audience is the entire population of the nation) After all, we are all plugged into the same economy. If one area is hurting, it will invariably drag down others. This is clearly an interpretation based on implication and the claim is obviously apparent in the words used. And, yes, such assumptions are warranted as by the time the cartoon appeared the ripple effect of the crisis has lead to a huge federal bailout This is not a notion that is arrived at on the basis of speculation and alarmism. It is based on simple math and the law of cause and effect. If someone’s home suffers from a foreclosure then the individual will find himself in an extremely disadvantageous financial position. Clearly, such an individual would have to make numerous â€Å"cut backs† on purchasing decisions and this means less money will flow into the economy. Such actions have negative effects on profits in various companies and hurt stock values. If stock values are reduced then the net worth of investors (many of which rely on their investment during their retirement years) will reduce. Then, there is also the huge problem of massive foreclosures over-saturating the real estate market. This has the negative effect of ruining equity on real estate throughout the nation. Further problems arise as the economy declines and credit dries up. This can lead to â€Å"bank runs† where customers opt to pull money out of their banks for fear they may lose their savings if the bank goes under. So, yes, just like the horrible ripple effect the asteroid had on the dinosaurs, the subprime crisis is one that affects the whole world as opposed to any one, single contained area. Of course, prior to the asteroid landing, the dinosaurs had no idea how serious the problem would be. They saw it coming but did not expect it to possess such a ripple effect. The dinosaur’s predicament is woefully similar to the predicament facing the economic landscape now that the subprime crisis has reeled out of control. As such, this cartoon is serious call to action and it is made with the intended goal of motivating the public to be ready for the serious ramifications of the subprime crisis. Now, when it comes to the ability to critique the effectiveness of the cartoon we must look at the sum of its parts. Particularly, is imagery also needed to effectively convey the information presented in the cartoon? Of course, it is possible to convey the same information and sentiment. Granted, the words in the cartoon would obviously have to be expanded upon in order to provide the proper context to make sense. However, the biting humor of the cartoon would needlessly be eliminated and replaced by exposition and explanation.. Such an approach would work quite effectively but it would not possess the same power of the cartoon. That is, the cartoon works on a number of levels because it combines visual imagery with ironic wording. In terms of the specific words within the cartoon, however, the presence of the words without the imagery would make little sense since they would be out of context without the presence of the dinosaurs. Now, if one were to keep the image and remove the wording the end result would be disastrous. A visual image of dinosaurs looking up at the sky and seeing an asteroid would convey the concept that an asteroid may have killed them, but it does nothing to promote the ironic notion that the subprime mortgage crisis can cause a similar ripple effect. In short, the value of the cartoon is basically worthless without the presence of the ironic wording. After all, if you were to remove the words from the cartoon would you be able to guess that its subject matter involves the subprime crisis? In all likelihood, making any connection between the dinosaurs and the subprime crisis would be impossible without the appropriate wording. This is neither a good thing nor a bad thing. It is simply an honest assessment of the limitations of the cartoons visual imagery. But does it work? It depends. It is odd however, that irony is used as a means of promoting the argument style of persuasion. In a way, the cartoon heralds more than it seeks to persuade. So, really, its goal is not so much to be persuasive since it does not seek to promote a point to the doubting as much as it is a statement of fact. While a statement of fact can persuade some, such a statement is not automatically persuasive. For those who are logic and rational, however, it will have a stronger resonance that mixes pathos with logos. That is, it mixes humorous irony with obviously true facts. In the final analysis, it is safe to say that this particular editorial cartoon is brilliant. It mixes words and images together in an ironic and informative matter that stresses the gravity of the subprime crisis. Of course, the words and images do this well in combination. Separately, they would lack the effectiveness they possess as a tandem. Bibliography Toles, Tom. (2008) â€Å"Unnamed Cartoon†. THE WASHINGTON POST. Retrieved October 5, 2008 from http://www. washingtonpost. com/ wp-dyn/content/opinions/cartoonsandvideos/

Society’s Change in OConnors A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay

Society’s Change in O'Connor's A Good Man is Hard to Find   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In her short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Flannery O’Connor seems to portray a feeling that society as she saw it was drastically changing for the worse. O’Connor obvious displeasure with society at the time the story was written is most likely her religious and conservative upbringing in the â€Å"old south.† O’Connor shows her point of view through an old woman named the grandmother. She uses the grandmother to depict Evidence of society’s demise is woven into the story, and presented through an interesting generational gap between the old and the new (the grandmother and her family). O’Connor use of irony throughout the story is a clear representation of the way in which she portrays the events yet to come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The grandmother is by far the most outstanding of O’Connor characters. Although all the characters contribute to the theme of the story the grandmother contributes the most because through her O’Connor’s views and opinions about society are expressed. The grandmother, the protagonist, is developed as bossy, manipulative, and grouchy. Not only is she random and frivolous, but she also demonstrates hypocrisy. †Aren’t you ashamed?† she ask when June Star insults the owner of Red Sammy’s Barbeque, but experiences no personal shame when stating that â€Å"little niggers in the country don’t have things like we do.† (383) John Wesley and June Star have little if any respect for their parental grandmother....

Strategic Operation Management

To be able produce professional managers capable of fulfilling strategic roles within business and government enterprises the need for the practice of operations management cannot be forgone. Operations management is very important in business operations since it forms the heart of the organisation by controlling the system of operation. Operations management deals with the design, operation, and improvement of the systems that create and deliver a firm’s primary products and services. Like marketing and finance, operations management is a functional field of business with clear management responsibilities. Guinness Ghana limited is a company in which produces alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages such as Guinness and Malta Guinness respectively. In a business entity like Guineas Ghana limited the use of operations management is very necessary in every fabric of the company’s activities. Guinness Ghana Limited uses operations management to ensure and sustain efficiency and effectiveness in the organisation. Efficiency in Guinness Ghana is concerned with how well resources such as human expertise and inputs are put in use irrespective of the purpose for which they were deployed in the company. The company through its activities ensures that the primary objective for its establishment to make profits and maximize shareholders value is realized. The company reduces its cost of production by ensuring that tangible and intangible resources are not over stretched or wasted in the organisation. This is a situation where the company carries out effectively its objectives to be the market leader using minimum resources to achieve maximum output. The measures of effectiveness and efficiency in Guinness Ghana leads to labour productivity, yield, capacity fill working capital utilization and the efficiency of production systems. Guinness Ghana Limited also makes good use of its products and services management through operations management. Product (or service) management includes a wide range of management activities, ra nging from the time that there's a new idea for a product to eventually provide ongoing support to customers who have purchased the new product. Every organization conducts product management, whether it's done intentionally or unintentionally. Guinness Ghana through this module provides a wide overview of considerations in developing and managing its product. How a product is eveloped or managed depends very much on the nature of the organization and its products, Guinness Ghana uses it core competences in the areas of manufacturing, branding, marketing through wholesale and retail outlets to gain competitive advantage in the market place. Quality management is also a very important aspect of operations management in every organisation. Guinness Ghana is very critical about its products de veloped for the customer in the market place. Quality management is crucial to effective operations management, particularly continuous improvement to match the consumers taste and preference at all times. More recent advancements in quality, such as benchmarking and total quality management, outsourcing and reengineering have resulted in advancements to operations management in Guinness Ghana Limited. The company through its reengineering and benchmarking activities has always earned the leadership in the market. Benchmarking serves as a first class internal auditing process which the company uses to diagnose its weaknesses and identify ways of turning them into strength to increase itscustomer base in the market place. Management Control and Coordinating Function cannot be forgone in operations management especially in a company like Guinness Ghana Limited. Management control and coordination includes a broad range of activities to ensure that the company’s goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient fashion. Basically, organizational coordination and control is what the company uses to take a systematic approach to figuring out if it is actually doing what it wanted to be doing or not. Some of the major approaches to the company’s organizational control and coordination include product evaluation, product distribution, advertising and promotion, sales and service and product development. For instance, product distribution in Guinness Ghana is done through retailers and other small distribution outlets organized by the company to ensure that its products reaches the consumer within an arms length. The company also uses advertisements as a major instrument to reach the customer and reorient the perception of customers about its products. In this increasingly expanding and competitive marketplace, the company ensures its products and services are prominently in the minds of their customers and clients. This occurs as a result of ongoing advertising and promotion by the company. Facilities management is also a necessary function and its importance on operations management for Guinness Ghana is needed. Effective operations management in the company’s activities depends on a great deal of effective management of facilities, such as buildings, computer systems, signage, lighting and plants and machinery. Facilities management in Guinness Ghana is very important since the company may be engaged in a batch or mass production depending on the demand circumstances on the market. In a case high demand which could necessitate higher or mass production, facilities needs to be managed in producing large quantities of products which must be standardized to meet the market demand at specific period. Well managed facilities like plants and machinery in the company help in production speed, lower per unit cost, ease of manufacture and control and the efficiency in the company’s production process. Inventory control and management is one importance of operations management that Guinness Ghana limited uses in its operations. Managing and controlling the inventory of the company is very critical. Innovative methods, such as Just-in-Time inventory control, are some of the major instruments used by the company to save costs and move products and services to customers more quickly. Generally the importance of operations management on businesses is embedded in every aspect of the organisations activities and therefore has critical role to play in ensuring that organisations achieve their objectives and goals.