The Importance of Ecosystem Management and Protection.

Recent growth in scientific knowledge has helped humanity comprehend the complex relationships in ecosystems and the devastating effects of human interference. As a result we have become increasingly aware of the need to protect and manage the ecosystems that we do have remaining for their utility, genetic, intrinsic and heritage values and also for the need to allow natural change and thus evolution to take place. Natural ecosystems have provided much that has been of benefit to humanity and with careful protection it can last for many more generations. Management strategies involving sustainable development, total preservation and the educating of the populace are becoming progressively more important in todays society and for the†¦show more content†¦As seen in numerous examples where wild varieties of species have been crossbred with cultivated varieties to obtain disease resistant or high crop yielding new varieties, without the genetic diversity available, none of it w ould be possible. In 1860s the European vineyards were completely destroyed by phylloxera but later grafting with an American species led to a variety resistant to the disease. Also Indian rice was discovered to be resistant to two viruses and after implementation, led to an improved yield on 30million hectares in Asia. A single gene from a barley growing in Ethiopia protects the entire Californian barley crop worth $US 150million/yr from the yellow dwarf disease. It can be seen that there are linked crossovers between reasons for management and the usefulness of ecosystems. Wild strains of species, many as of yet undiscovered, have desirable properties, such as disease resistance and increased crop yield, which tend to be lost in successive generations with selective breeding under artificial conditions. Natural ecosystems should be maintained so as new genes can be added from the wild populations to keep crops resistant to diseases which continue to develop new strains. The ecosystems also may yield new species of plants and animals suitable for use in cultivation and grazing. Examples include red deer, the loblolly pine and kiwi fruit that have recently been added to agriculture and forestry economic lists. 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